Atum A5 : Build linux image from scratch

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Reference: https://www.rocketboards.org/foswiki/Documentation/BuildingBootloaderForAgilex5

OS: Ubuntu-22.04 (PC or Windows WLS)

1. Setting Up Environment

Install the required packages on Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt install make bison flex python3-dev libssl-dev swig
sudo apt install u-boot-tools
sudo apt install qemu-user-static
sudo apt install git
sudo apt install build-essential

Create top folder:

mkdir ATUM_A5_V1.2.sdmmc
cd ATUM_A5_V1.2.sdmmc
export TOP_FOLDER=`pwd`

Download and setup the the toolchain as follows:

cd $TOP_FOLDER
wget https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu/11.2-2022.02/binrel\
/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-aarch64-none-linux-gnu.tar.xz
tar xf gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-aarch64-none-linux-gnu.tar.xz
rm -f gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-aarch64-none-linux-gnu.tar.xz
export PATH=`pwd`/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-aarch64-none-linux-gnu/bin:$PATH
export ARCH=arm64
export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-none-linux-gnu-

2. Build Arm Trusted Firmware

cd $TOP_FOLDER
rm -rf arm-trusted-firmware
git clone -b QPDS24.1_REL_AGILEX5_GSRD_PR https://github.com/altera-opensource/arm-trusted-firmware arm-trusted-firmware
cd arm-trusted-firmware
make -j $(nproc) PLAT=agilex5 bl31 
cd ..

The following files is created:

$TOP_FOLDER/arm-trusted-firmware/build/agilex5/release/bl31.bin (to used for u-boot.itb generation)

3. Build U-Boot

cd $TOP_FOLDER 
rm -rf u-boot-socfpga 
git clone -b atuma5_v1.1 https://github.com/terasic/u-boot-socfpga u-boot-socfpga 
cd u-boot-socfpga 
make mrproper 
cp atuma5.config .config
# link to ATF 
ln -s ../arm-trusted-firmware/build/agilex5/release/bl31.bin 
make -j $(nproc)

The following files is created:

$TOP_FOLDER/u-boot-socfpga/u-boot.itb
$TOP_FOLDER/u-boot-socfpga/spl/u-boot-spl-dtb.hex

4. Creating the Boot Script

cd $TOP_FOLDER 
rm -rf uboot-script && mkdir uboot-script && cd uboot-script
wget https://releases.rocketboards.org/2023.12/qspi/agilex5/agilex5_uboot.txt
wget https://releases.rocketboards.org/2021.11/uboot-script/agilex/uboot_script.its
mv agilex5_uboot.txt uboot.txt 
nano uboot.txt # content see bloew
mkimage -f uboot_script.its boot.scr.uimg
cd ..

uboot.txt (2025/01/21, add 'brideg enable') Note: If user want to access FPGA LED for HPS, pleae add 'brideg enable' in uboot.txt.

echo "Trying to boot Linux from device ${target}";

if test ${target} = "mmc0"; then
        bridge enable;
        echo "Found kernel in mmc0";        
        mmc rescan;
        fatload mmc 0:1 ${kernel_addr_r} Image;
        fatload mmc 0:1 ${fdt_addr_r} socfpga_agilex5_terasic.dtb;
        setenv bootargs "console=ttyS0,115200 root=${mmcroot} rw rootwait";
        booti ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r};
        exit;
fi

The following files is created: $TOP_FOLDER/uboot-script/boot.scr.uimg Edit </pre>

5. Build Linux Kernel

cd $TOP_FOLDER 
rm -rf linux-socfpga
git clone --filter=tree:0 -b atuma5_v1.2 https://github.com/terasic/linux-socfpga linux-socfpga 
cd linux-socfpga 
cp atuma5.config .config
make -j $(nproc) Image && make intel/socfpga_agilex5_atuma5.dtb 

make -j $(nproc) modules

make -j $(nproc) modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=modules_install
rm -rf modules_install/lib/modules/*/build
rm -rf modules_install/lib/modules/*/source

The following files is created:

$TOP_FOLDER/linux-socfpga/arch/arm64/boot/Image
$TOP_FOLDER/linux-socfpga/arch/arm64/boot/dts/intel/socfpga_agilex5_atuma5.dtb

6. Build Ubuntu 22.04.3

Prepare rootfs folder

cd $TOP_FOLDER
mkdir -p rootfs
cd rootfs

Switch to root privilege

sudo -s

Download the Ubuntu 22.04.3 root filesystem

wget -c https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/22.04.3/release/ubuntu-base-22.04.3-base-arm64.tar.gz
tar xvf ubuntu-base-22.04.3-base-arm64.tar.gz
rm ubuntu-base-22.04.3-base-arm64.tar.gz

Copy qemu-user-static

cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static usr/bin/

Modify etc/apt/sources.list to un-comment all the repositories except the ones starting with deb-src.

sed -i 's%^# deb %deb %' etc/apt/sources.list

copy your system’s (host machine’s) /etc/resolv.conf to etc/resolv.conf. Set proxies if necessary.

cp /etc/resolv.conf etc/resolv.conf

Download a simple bash script for devices mounting and un-mounting later.

cd .. wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/psachin/bash_scripts/master/ch-mount.sh

Mount proc, sys, dev, dev/pts to the new filesystem.

chmod a+x ch-mount.sh
./ch-mount.sh -m rootfs/
export LANG=C.UTF-8
unset LC_NUMERIC
unset LC_TIME
unset LC_MEASUREMENT
unset LC_TELEPHONE
unset LC_IDENTIFICATION
unset LC_PAPER
unset LC_MONETARY
unset LC_NAME
unset LC_ADDRESS

Update the repositories

apt update

Install minimal packages required for core utils

apt install apt-utils dialog --yes
apt install language-pack-en-base sudo ssh net-tools ethtool iputils-ping rsyslog bash-completion vim-tiny kmod --yes
apt install isc-dhcp-client network-manager --yes
apt clean
cat <<EOF >/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/allow-ethernet.conf
[keyfile]
unmanaged-devices=*,except:type:wifi,except:type:gsm,except:type:cdma,except:type:ethernet
EOF

Install tools

apt install usbutils --yes
apt install gpiod --yes
apt install memtester --yes
apt install fdisk --yes
apt clean

Install packages required for LXDE Desktop

apt install lxde xfce4-power-manager xinit xorg lightdm-gtk-greeter xserver-xorg-video-fbdev gnome-mplayer lightdm lxtask htop --yes

Install packagted requried for VNC XFCE Desktop

apt install xfce4 xfce4-goodies --yes
apt install tightvncserver --yes
apt clean

Install packagted requried for text edit, network test

apt install nano --yes
apt install iperf3 --yes
apt clean

Install packagted requried for WiFI USB Dongel. required 1GB

apt install --reinstall linux-firmware --yes
apt clean

Install bluez package requried for Bluetooth USB Dongel.

apt install bluez --yes
apt clean

sol RFCOMM issue

nano /lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service ... modify ExecStart=/usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd --compat

Add a user account and include it in suitable groups

useradd terasic -m -s /bin/bash
echo terasic:123 | chpasswd
addgroup terasic adm && addgroup terasic sudo
addgroup terasic audio && addgroup terasic video

Add host entry to /etc/hosts

echo "127.0.0.1    localhost" >> /etc/hosts

Exit chroot and unmount proc, sys, dev, dev/pts

exit
./ch-mount.sh -u rootfs/

Return to user privilege

exit

7. Build SD Card Image

cd $TOP_FOLDER
sudo rm -rf sd_card && mkdir sd_card && cd sd_card
wget https://releases.rocketboards.org/release/2020.11/gsrd/tools/make_sdimage_p3.py
# remove mkfs.fat parameter which has some issues on Ubuntu 22.04
sed -i 's/\"\-F 32\",//g' make_sdimage_p3.py
chmod +x make_sdimage_p3.py
mkdir fatfs &&  cd fatfs
cp $TOP_FOLDER/u-boot-socfpga/u-boot.itb .
cp $TOP_FOLDER/linux-socfpga/arch/arm64/boot/Image .
cp $TOP_FOLDER/linux-socfpga/arch/arm64/boot/dts/intel/socfpga_agilex5_atuma5.dtb socfpga_agilex5_terasic.dtb 
cp $TOP_FOLDER/uboot-script/boot.scr.uimg .
cd ..

mkdir rootfs && cd rootfs # renew: sudo rm -rf rootfs && mkdir rootfs && cd rootfs
sudo cp -a  $TOP_FOLDER/rootfs/* .
cd $TOP_FOLDER/linux-socfpga
sudo make -j $(nproc) modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=$TOP_FOLDER/sd_card/rootfs

cd $TOP_FOLDER/sd_card
sudo python3 make_sdimage_p3.py -f \
-P fatfs/*,num=1,format=fat32,size=500M \
-P rootfs/*,num=2,format=ext3,size=3300M \
-s 3800M \
-n sdcard.img
cd ..

8. Build QSPI Image

Make sure Quartus Pro 24.2 is installed.
Goto GHRD project directory (copy from Atum A5 System CD)
copy $TOP_FOLDER/u-boot-socfpga/u-boot.itb to software/u-boot/u-boot.itb
copy $TOP_FOLDER/u-boot-socfpga/spl/u-boot-spl-dtb.hex to #software/u-boot/spl/u-boot-spl-dtb.hex
Execute sof_with_hps.bat to generate output_files/golden_top_hps.sof
Execute sof_to_jic.bat to generate output_files/golden_top_hps.jic

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Atum A5 : Build linux image from scratch

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